Understanding Modern Array Syntax in PHP

When it comes to PHP, the most popular server-side scripting language, the journey of improvement and modernization has been an interesting one. Among the changes introduced over the years, one that stands out in its simplicity and elegance is the modern array syntax. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the modern PHP array syntax, comparing it with the older style, and discussing its benefits.

A Trip Down Memory Lane: Traditional Array Syntax

Traditionally, in PHP, the array structure was defined using the array() language construct. For instance:

$fruits = array('apple', 'banana', 'cherry');

Associative arrays, where each value is assigned a specific key, were declared similarly:

$fruit_colors = array(
    'apple' => 'red',
    'banana' => 'yellow',
    'cherry' => 'red'
);

The Modern Twist: Short Array Syntax

With the advent of PHP 5.4, a new, succinct syntax for arrays was introduced: the short array syntax. The same arrays we defined earlier can now be expressed as:

$fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'];

And for associative arrays:

$fruit_colors = [
    'apple' => 'red',
    'banana' => 'yellow',
    'cherry' => 'red'
];

Elegant, isn’t it?

Why Make the Shift to Modern Syntax?

Brevity: Code that is concise can be more readable. The short array syntax provides a more streamlined representation.

Consistency with Modern PHP Features: As PHP continues to evolve, many of the new features and community contributions lean towards a more modern, consistent, and concise syntax. Adopting the short array syntax aligns your code with this trend.

Popular Frameworks Use It: Many popular PHP frameworks and libraries, like Laravel, Symfony, and Composer, have adopted the short array syntax. Familiarity with this syntax helps in understanding and contributing to these frameworks.

Standard in Code Style Recommendations: The PHP-FIG, responsible for PHP Interoperability Framework recommendations, suggests the usage of the modern syntax. Adopting these standards can make your codebase more consistent with widely accepted practices.

Transitioning to the Modern Array Syntax

If you’re considering transitioning a legacy codebase to use the short array syntax, there are tools available, such as the PHP Coding Standards Fixer, that can automate this for you.

The modern array syntax in PHP offers a more concise way to represent arrays. While the choice of syntax might seem minor, it’s these small improvements and modernizations that collectively contribute to a more streamlined, readable, and maintainable codebase. Whether you’re starting a new project or maintaining an existing one, consider embracing the short array syntax for its elegance and simplicity.